|
Causes of the French and Indian War
English Advantages and Armed Forces
French Advantages and Armed forces
map of French forts and cities in New France
Dinwiddie's Letter to the French
Ambush by Washington and battle at Fort Necessity July 3, 1754
Battle of the Monongahela or The Wilderness July 9, 1755
Sept 8, 1755
William Pitt's plan forVictory
Montcalm's Victory at Ticonderoga July 8, 1758 Fall of Fort Frontenac and Fort Duquense
British take Ticonderoga Wolfe attacks Quebec Battle of the Plains of Abraham Sept 13, 1759
Consequences of the French and Indian War
French and Indian War Mp3 Lecture
Timeline of the French and Indian War
Links Louisbourg National Historic Park weapons of the french and Indian War
|
|
The French and Indian War 1754-63
Introduction
The French and Indian War was the last of four major colonial wars between the British, the French, and their Native American allies for control of North America .As French New France and the English colonies expanded toward each other, they were destined to come into conflict.
Map of the area of conflict in the French and Indian War The French claimed all America, from the Alleghenies to the Rocky Mountains, and from Mexico and Florida to the North Pole, except only the ill defined possessions of the English on the borders of Hudson Bay; and to these vast regions, with adjacent islands, they gave the general name of New France. They controlled the highways of the continent, for they held its two great rivers. First, they had seized the St. Lawrence, and then planted themselves at the mouth of the Mississippi. The English colonies, ranged along the Atlantic coast, had no royal road to the great inland, and were, in a manner, shut between the mountains and the sea.
trailer for Last of the Mohicans The immediate spark was conflict over which country owned the fur rich Ohio country ( roughly the present states of Ohio, eastern Indiana, western Pennsylvania, and northern West Virginia ) between the colonies, which was claimed by both countries. There were also religious undercurrents with Catholic France urging its Indian allies to attack the heretic Protestant English settlers .
Major Washington and a wounded General Braddock at the Battle of Monongahela. Lemercier, 1854 This land was under the control of the Iroquois tribes who for the most part sided with France and launched brutal raids against English settlements armed with French weapons . Unlike the previous three wars colonial ( King William's War , called the War of the League of Ausburg in Europe 1689–1697, Queen Anne's War, called the War of the Spanish Succession in Europe (1702–1713) and King George's War , (1740–1748) the French and Indian War began on North American soil after Major Washington came into conflict with the French near modern day Pittsburgh .This became one of the sparks that ignited the Seven Years War in Europe . The war spread to Africa and India, making the conflict one of the first true 'world' wars . in Europe,Prussia, Electorate Brunswick-Lüneburg, and United Kingdom fought against Austria, France (including the North American colony of New France and the French East India Company), the Russian Empire, Sweden, and Saxony.
The forces of General Wolfe making a surpise attack on Quebec.London Magazine, 1760 France was initially successful in the war,which had better relations with the Indians and adapted warfare to fit the New World. However, the population of New France was much smaller than that of the English colonies, and France sent fewer and fewer supplies and troops to support a colony that became to be seen as a drain on the country . After the fall of Louisbourg and Quebec, France agreed to peace in 1763 . The heavy expense of the war, led the British to seek tax revenues from the American colonists, which led to the American Revolution .
Death of Montcalm
The Treaty of Paris elevated Great Britain to the strongest power in Europe with the largest world empire .A long dream of the English colonists to stop the combined French and Indian attacks was realized .The West lay open, and the Indians stood alone and could no longer count on as being courted as allies, playing one nation against the other .It was inevitable that the Americans would expand into Indian lands .
Map of the New World after the Treaty of Paris. Gray area are crown lands reserved for Indians. Louisiana given to Spain for loss of Florida. France was left with two small islands off Newfoundland .
The Treaty of Paris ended a century of Anglo-French conflict in the New World, the French were left with the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, which have rich fishing grounds, south of Newfoundland. France, realizing it would lose New France, made a secret treat with Spain in 1762, which gave Spain the then vast Louisiana territory and New Orleans .Spain had joined France's side in 1761 .
|
Books and dvds on the French and Indian War
Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766
Walter R. Borneman
The War That Made America: The Story of the French and Indian War (PBS DVD)
(1884) classic by American historian Francis Parkman project Gutenburg
Movie of of a Jesuit missionary who leaves France in 1634 to bring the word of Jesus to the Huron tribe of rugged northern Quebec.
|
